Feeding Sorghum Crops as Alternatives to Corn

The combination of poor margins for row crops and the threat of continued dry conditions are prompting many producers to re-evaluate cropping plans. Crops like sorghum that require fewer inputs and use water more efficiently become much more attractive under those conditions.

How well do these crops fit for livestock production? The exact answer depends on the class of livestock fed and feedstuff. There are two general options for sorghum crops for feed usage: grain and forage.

Grain sorghum (milo)
Grain sorghum or milo produces a crop that can substitute well for corn. The energy content of milo is usually about 85% of that for corn grain, which is usually reflected in price. Milo is more variable in starch and protein content than corn, so periodic feed testing is warranted if milo will be the base of a finishing diet. The seed coat of milo is essentially indigestible, so the crop needs to be ground or rolled for feeding. In general, grinding milo finer results in improved feed efficiency compared to coarser particle sizes. Grain sorghum residue is very similar to corn stalks and makes an excellent resource for fall grazing cows.

Forage sorghum
Forage sorghum works very well as a silage crop and has been produced successfully by a number of producers. The crop can produce silage yields similar to corn but with 40% less water. Reduced cash input costs per acre represent another advantage.

Sorghum silage is lower in energy content compared to corn silage. Typical compositions are listed in Table 1. Of course, actual composition can vary depending on hybrids, harvest maturity, and storage losses, so producers should sample their own feedstuffs for analysis.

The impact of using sorghum silage depends on the class of livestock. Sorghum silage works well in gestating cow diets. Growing and backgrounding cattle would most likely gain more slowly because of the lower energy content compared to corn silage unless cattle feeders add additional amounts of energy dense feeds such as grains or distillers. There likely would be only small differences for finishing cattle because of the small amount of roughage included in those diets.

Another factor to consider is the effect crop choice has on the entire operation. One advantage of corn over forage sorghum is that producers have the option of harvesting as either silage or grain, depending on weather and market conditions. Once farmers decide to plant forage sorghum, they have also decided to devote those acres to forage production.

Source: Warren Rusche, South Dakota State University